COURAGE

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The Academy is an international community of a maximum of 500 artists, who have contributed to the art of their time and whose work is honoured in a special way by being accepted into the Akademie der Künste. It is divided into six Sections – Visual Arts, Architecture, Music, Literature, Performing Arts, Film and Media Art. Its members gather together for the two general assemblies that are usually held each year. The most important organ in the Academy is the General Assembly, which is also the body charged with electing new members. The candidates are nominated by secret ballot in the Sections beforehand.

The Academy of Fine Arts in Prague is the oldest Czech art school. It was founded in 1799 by the Society of Patriotic Friends of the Arts. During the nineteenth century and in the first half of the twentieth century most of the important figures of fine art as well architecture graduated from this school. After the communist coup in 1948, the school taught students socialist realism, but some of its students became part of the unofficial culture.

Academy of Movement is an artistic group using theatre, performance and visual arts methods. It was founded in the Warsaw student milieu in 1973. It has organized performances, happenings, theatre workshops and acted as an interdisciplinary art centre. It was one of the first groups in Poland to stage performances in city space.

The Academy of Movement was led by Wojciech Krukowski from 1973 to 2014. Among most known performances of the group are: Collage (1973), Language lesson (1973), Hunger (1974), Bus (1975), Lessons (1976) and Everyday Life after the Great French Revolution (1980).

The performances of the Academy of Movement were based on rhythm, space and movement.

The group often resigned from dialogues and plot, as well as clearly-defined characters with individual traits. Instead of traditional ways of staging the plays, the group used scratches of dialogues, music fragments and impersonal characters. Academy of Movement entered the public space of different Polish cities: Warsaw, Ciechanów, Poznań, Oleśnica or Świnoujście and engaged audiences to participate in the performances. In 1979 The Academy of Movement transformed into a professionalized institution and started to perform abroad: in Paris, London, Avignon or Brussels. In the 1990s it continued to stage happenings in Poland and Europe.

The Herrnhut Academy emerged from the Upper Lusatian Humanities Initiative (GWI) and seeks to bundle, promote and develop the potential for humanities in the region. It is intended to foster cooperation between local educational institutions as well as cross-regional exchange and interdisciplinary projects, and also aims to initiate in-house research.

In order to achieve this, the Academy offers a university-oriented structure and diverse opportunities, which should establish Upper Lusatia [Oberlausitz] as an important center for the humanities in the long term.

The scientific and regional focus rests therefore on Eastern (Central) Europe and its extraordinary cultural space. Through its oft-changing history with repeatedly shifting political and regional structures, it has left an incomparable mark on European thinking. The International Institute for Higher Education (IHI) in Zittau, the Uniate Brother Archives Herrnhut and the Großhennersdorf environmental library are among the initiators and founders. 

In early 1942, the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY) and the Alliance of Communist Youth of Yugoslavia (ACYY) formed a broad antifascist youth movement – the Alliance of the Young Generation as the forerunner of the Unified League of Antifascist Youth of Yugoslavia (ULAYY), which was established in November of that year. The majority of antifascist youth organizations in Yugoslavia joined ULAYY. The Unified League of the Antifascist Youth of Croatia (ULAYC) was active in Croatia as the republic body since its establishment in 1943. The ACYY and ULAYY played a vital role in the post-war period by implementing CPY policy, while actively conveying it at the same time.

The ACYY was a youth version of the CPY while ULAYY was established as a broader organization with the task of gathering all youth. In terms of structure, both organizations were copies of the CPY. Both the ACYY and the ULAYY acted under the auspices of the CPY as part of its programs and had little independence in decision-making. At its third congress in 1946, the ULAYY changed its name to the People’s Youth of Yugoslavia (PYY) and in 1948 the two youth organizations consolidated into a single organization, retaining the name PYY - in Croatia, People's Youth of Croatia.

In line with political changes at the state level and the adoption of new Constitutions, in 1963 the organisation changed its name to the Alliance of Youth of Yugoslavia/Croatia and in 1974 again, when it was finally named the Alliance of Socialist Youth of Yugoslavia / Croatia (ASYY / ASYC). For the duration of its existence, the ASYY/ASYC was a mass socio-political youth organisation that operated under the aegis of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia/Croatia.