This manuscript was written in the 1950s, after the rift between Tito and Stalin (1948) and attempts to introduce the experiment of self-management as a separate direction under the Yugoslav version of socialism, and to apply a different interpretation of Marxism-Leninism than that of the Soviet Union. Tijan defined the separate path of the Yugoslav communists with the following words: “Titoism, in fact, means an attempt to overcome their doctrine and the practical needs of the state, a process in which the Communist Party consistently plays the role of a brake, as acknowledging logical and realistic conclusions would inevitably led to the loss of its power. Therefore, this new period of Yugoslav communism is not a communist heresy at all, but a peculiar application of Marxism-Leninism, altered even with elements of Stalinism, to the special circumstances in which Yugoslavia has found itself (...). In Yugoslav communist reformism, however, the most important fact is that it did not come about voluntarily or as a planned and deliberate policy of the CPC leadership, but as a result of the objective and external influences that forced the leadership to start the process called Titoism.”
-
Vieta:
-
Kalbos:
-
Autorius:
-
Charakteringas eksponatas:
This article was published in 1962 in Madrid's cultural review El Arbor, where Tijan was an associate. He discussed Ivo Andric and the Nobel Prize for Literature awarded to him by the Swedish Academy for his life’s work – the novel The Bridge on the Drina. Tijan's description of Andrić's public activity focuses on the latter’s opportunism, because Andrić, as a civic intellectual, gained high status in the new communist hierarchy after 1945, becoming the president of the Writers Association of the New Yugoslavia. However, Tijan pointed out Andrić's later works, such as the novel The Damned Yard in 1956, in which some passages appear to be critical allusions to the then current Tito regime. Tijan did not avoid criticizing the attempt of the socialist regime to create a unique Yugoslav literature, with Andric's literary oeuvre as one of its touchstones. Conversely, Tijan denied the existence of Yugoslav literature, since he was prepared to argue that what truly existed were the distinct literatures of the Yugoslav peoples: Croatian, Serbian and Slovene. In his opinion, even the commitment of a great writer like Andric to the Yugoslav nationality could not change anything in that regard.
-
Vieta:
-
Kalbos:
-
Autorius:
-
Sukūrimo metai:
-
Charakteringas eksponatas:
Front-page of the samizdat
Další problémy souvisejíci s regulací populace [Further problems concerning the regulation of the population]. The Krumpholc printer released not only periodical samizdat but also almanacs or various lectures. The front-pages of periodical samizdats usually included the content of the issue.
Samizdats were inspired many times by international publications. In this issue the authors state:
"Following the previous almanac "Love and Contraception", we are offering you another small textbook about the feminist movement, its aims, methods, and programm, then information about so-called overpopulation of the Earth, contraception, contraceptive mentality, the social impact of contraception, artificial insemination, and the crisis of morality. Our sources were again magazines such as „International Review of Natural Family Planning“ and „Bulletin of the Natural Family Planning“. This textbook was meant for readers of faith, who interpreted family relations and behaviour through their love of God. E.g. abortion, which is considered by cannonic law as a serious crime, was legalized already in 1957 in the CSSR. The textbook was focused on the moral dimension of such behaviour and actions:
"the effort to have their own child led childless married couples to undergo various medical operations or procedures, only to have their own child. We introduce you to ways (of how to have a baby) that are acceptable, from both a medical and moral point of view."
-
Vieta:
-
Kalbos:
-
Autorius:
-
Sukūrimo metai:
-
Charakteringas eksponatas:
Title-page of the nineteenth issue of a samizdat called "Information about Charta 77" containing various articles about dissent in Czechoslovakia. This samizdat was published by the "independent editorial board of signataries of Charta 77". Charter 77 was an informal civic initiative in communist Czechoslovakia from 1976 to 1992, named after the document Charter 77 from January 1977. Founding members and architects were Jiří Němec, Václav Benda, Ladislav Hejdánek, Václav Havel, and Pavel Kohout. Spreading the text of the document was considered a political crime by the communist regime. After the 1989 Velvet Revolution, many of its members played important roles in Czech and Slovak politics.
-
Vieta:
-
Kalbos:
-
Autorius:
-
Sukūrimo metai:
-
Charakteringas eksponatas:
The Movement of Revolutionary Youth (HRM) was a predominantly student group with a radical left orientation that was founded at the beginning of December 1968 and that stood up against the upcoming Normalization until it was broken by the State Security during the winter of 1969 to 1970. Members of the HRM organised intense activity ahead of the first anniversary of the August occupation when they wanted to mobilize people against the Normalization regime. They published several leaflets for this occasion, one of them being the leaflet “To all – to all – to all!” which was signed by “workers, students, intelligentsia” and that urged non-violent protests on 21 August 1969, such as to boycotting public transportation, the press and shops. Pavel Šremer and Radan Baše from the Movement, and in cooperation with a printing trade union in Prague, saw to the printing of 200-thousand small leaflets. Initially, poet Jaroslav Seifert was asked to write up the text of the leaflet by the students. He thanked them for their trust but he declined their request arguing that they would manage to write the right text themselves. The final version was written collectively under the supervision of Petr Uhl. The whole event was finally called the Black Coffee Operation after two men in the printing trade union, Černý and Turek, and also as an allusion to the statement of the First Secretary of the SED Walter Ulbricht about the “coffee sediment of intellectuals in Prague”. The leaflets were also distributed beyond Prague, predominantly in North Bohemia and scattered by an engine driver, who was an acquaintance of Pavel Šremer, and his colleagues.
-
Vieta:
-
Senovážné nám. 2, 110 00 Praha 1, Czech Republic
-
Kalbos:
-
Autorius:
-
Sukūrimo metai:
-
Charakteringas eksponatas: